Functions of Management
Management is an exercise to realize the planned goals and objectives of a corporation by managing all the devices of the organization. Management functions include all the managerial exercises from setting objectives to taking essential steps to make sure and defined organizational objectives could be achieved.
These functions of management are essential to make a far better working environment to realize predetermined objectives
The essential process and functions of management are:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Directing
- Controlling
#1 Planning
Planning is deciding beforehand what’s to be done and an intellectual course of action to be taken to realize predetermined goals in time.
Planning can be said the primary function of the management functions. It involves selecting the objectives, policies, procedures, and programs to realize the specified result. it’s a mental exercise and requires intelligence, skill, imagination, and vision.
Planning gives solutions to varied problems which can arise within the course of functioning. It minimizes function uncertainties and risks. It saves, time, cost, and efforts of the organizations. Planning functions include:
- Setting organization’s objectives
- Calculating the circumstances
- Forming policies and procedures
- Developing work calendar and estimates
#2 Organizing
Another essential function of management is organizing. Organizing is the process of identification of major activities, grouping them into units, assignment of labor to staff, and delegating authority.
Organizing cares with developing the structure and framework and arranging required resources to perform required activities. Resources include human, finance, physical, and knowledge. It defines the authority relationship among the organizational members. Thus, organizing is that the root or base of an enterprise.
It’s the framework where all the mechanisms involved in achieving common objectives are clarified. the main activity of organizing management functions include:
- Recognizing main activities
- Arranging them within managerial units
- Distributing jobs to various departments and workers
- Authorizing necessary authority to accomplish given duty
#3 Staffing
Staffing is the process of determination of manpower and recruitment, selection, appointment, and placement of the proper employee to the proper job.
Staffing may be a life-blood of an enterprise that mobilizes all the opposite resources for the achievement of common goals. It also involves determining the dimensions of manpower at different levels. Staffing is that the continuous process up to the existence of a corporation. Staffing includes:
- Planning the total manpower necessity
- Recruitment, selection, and appointment of the appropriate person to the appropriate position
- Arranging seminars, workshops, and training to improve workers ability
- Performance evaluation, promotion, and transfer
- Remunerating employees by their skill and ability
#4 Directing
The direction may be a complex function that has all those activities that are designed to encourage a subordinate to figure efficiently and effectively. It’s concerned with instructing, guiding, and provoking subordinates to realize organizational objectives. The direction is that the instrument to develop a far better working environment within the organization. The direction functions of management include:
Supervision
It refers to the direct and immediate guidance to the subordinates to make sure the performance of assigned works. The most motive of supervision, to make sure optimum utilization of human and physical resources so on achieve defined objectives. For this, a supervisor has got to guide subordinates in order that the latter can perform their work effectively. It’s the continual process till the existence of a corporation.
Motivation
Motivation may be a psychological and human aspect. It’s the method of stimulating subordinate’s behaviors to achieve predetermined goals. It supported needs and human behavior. As social being workers want to satisfy their basic and social needs. They could be motivated by both financial and non-financial incentives.
Leadership
Leadership is that the art of influencing the behavior and performance of subordinates. It’s the power to influence others to figure willingly to realize the specified goals. An individual is claimed to be a kingpin when he’s ready to influence others and that they accept his guidance, suggestions, and directions. A manager is claimed to be a kingpin of the organization when he or she is successfully ready to influence the attitude and behaviors of the subordinates.
Communication
Communication is that the process of transmitting ideas and knowledge from one person to a different. it’s an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions between two or more persons. Communication is claimed to be effective when the message is obvious. An efficient communication system among all the mechanisms of the organization is important for successful operation. There must be an efficient communication system for direct and clear follow of data on various management levels.
Coordination
Coordination is that the process of integrating all the units and departments of a corporation. it’s the method of the orderly arrangement of group efforts to supply unity of action for the attainment of common goals. Different departments and other people perform different functions in a corporation. But the activities of various departments are interrelated to every other. Thus, coordination among all the departments is important to bring uniformity in action to realize organizational goals
#5 Controlling
From the management functions controlling is on the last. Controlling is the process of comparing actual performance achieved thereupon of planned performance and taking corrective action if any deviation is there during an actual performance in order that defined goals are often achieved in a defined time.
Controlling is that the main instrument with which uniformity in action is maintained. Taking corrective action is important if actual performance isn’t in accordance with the planned performance.
The management executes an idea through control to make sure the achievement of predetermined goals. Therefore, it’s essential to possess an honest controlling system for achieving results consistent with the plan. Controlling functions of management include:
- Setting standards
- Measurement of performance
- Identifying deviation in actual and planned performance
- Examining the cause of the variation
- Taking remedial action to obtain planned goals