Principles of Management
References:
Santosh, R. P., Gopal, M.P., & Kedar, P. B. Principles of Management. Kathmandu, Ashmita Publicationss
Robbins, S. P., & Decenzo, A. D. Fundamentals of Management. New Delhi, Pearson Education
Griffin, R. W. Management. New Delhi, AITBS Publishers, and Distributors
Bateman, T. S. & Snell, S. A. Management: Competing in the New Era, New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill
Panta, P. R. Principles of Management. Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Enterprises
Paudel, S. R., Pradhan, G. M., & Bhandari, K. P. Principles of Management. Kathmandu: Ashmita Publications
Weihrich, H., Cannice, M. V. & Koontz, H. Management: A Global Perspective: New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill
What is an Informal Organization? Informal organization refers to the group of people having the same interests and likes that are grouped in an organization. They are grouped to protect the rights of each other in the organization. The informal organization is also known as unofficial relation or informal group. Meaning that this type of …
Informal Organization: Meaning, Features, Objectives, Pros, and Cons Read More »
What is a Formal Organization? A formal organization is the structure of the organization that is officially formed by the management to achieve the defined goals. In other words, a formal organization refers to an organization that is formed under official rules and regulations to achieve defined objectives. A formal organization is a structure of …
Formal Organization: Meaning, Features, and Differences Read More »
What is Centralization? Centralization is the process of systematically retaining decision-making power at the highest level of management. Top-level management makes autonomous decisions. Top-level management makes autonomous decisions. During a centralized organization, considerable authority and accountability remain at the highest of the hierarchy. The remaining parties of the organization receive the command from the top manager and follow. In the centralization of authority, only a couple of members …
Centralization of Authority: Definition, Pros, and Cons (Explained) Read More »
Decentralization of Authority Decentralization of authority means the delegation of authority by top-level management to the subordinate level management based on their responsibilities. It is a belief in a systematic delegation of managerial authority to subordinate level management. Decentralization is an important management concept that concerns the distribution of decision-making power to the subordinate level …
Decentralization of Authority: Meaning, Pros, and Cons (Explained) Read More »
What is Delegation of Authority? Delegation of authority means assigning work to subordinates and giving them the necessary authority to do the assigned work effectively. Delegation means the assignment of specific works to individuals within the organization and giving them the right to perform those works. In this process a manager delegates some of his …
Delegation of Authority: Meaning, Features, Pros, Cons, and Barriers Read More »
Departmentalization by Time Departmentalization by time or time departmentalization is when the creation of departments is based on the working time such as morning shift, day shift, and night shift. It is done to provides flexible and timely service to the customers in order to increase their satisfaction level and also the employees. This time …
Departmentalization by Time – An Easy Explanation Read More »
Departmentlization by Process Departmentalization by process or process departmentalization is when the creation of departments is based on the production process of a product. Based on the process, the activities are grouped. The process departmentation is applicable in those organizations where production activities need some distinct process. Especially, this method is used in large scale …
Departmentalization by Territory or Geography Departmentalization by territory is when the creation of the departments of the organization is on the basis of territory or geographical or regional areas. The regional areas may be western, eastern, central, etc. Territory departmentalization applied to provide a better quality of services all over the nation throughout the territories. …
Departmentalization by Territory or Geography – An Easy Guide Read More »
Departmentalization By Customer When the departments are created on the basis of customer’s nature and customer’s groups that departmentalization method is known as departmentalization by customer. The customer’s groups may be on the basis of wholesale buyers, retail buyers, industrial buyers, etc. The main objective of customer departmentalization is to better serve the particular customer …
Departmentalization By Product/Service The department which is created on the basis of the nature of a product or product line is called departmentalization by product. Here, a separate department is created for a single product or product line and all functions like production, finance, marketing, personnel, etc. are brought together under the concerned department. The …
Departmentalization By Product or Service: An Easy Explanation Read More »